Bedaquiline is a firstinclass diarylquinoline compound with a novel mechanism of action, the inhibition of bacterial atp synthase, and potent activity against drugsensitive and drug resistant m. Also, there is lack of consensus regarding the effect of malnutrition on pharmacokinetics of antitubercular drugs in children. Treatment should be initiated whenever the probability of tb is moderate to high. Advances in diagnosis, including the use of rapid molecular testing and wholegenome sequencing in both sputum and nonsputum samples, could change this situation. Treatment of tuberculosis tb takes six to nine months and sometimes longer. They are first line drugs used for treating tuberculosis in short course treatment of tuberculosis the isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol is given for 2 months followed by isoniazid and rifampicin alone for 4 months. List of drugs used to treat the medical condition called tuberculosis. Classification according to clinical utility the anti tb drugs can be divided into 2 groups first line.
Treatment of tuberculosis pptpowerpoint presentation. The common antitubercular drugs are isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrizanamide. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antituberculosis drugs in patients with tuberculosis julie b prahl, md, phd international reference laboratory of mycobacteriology, diagnostics and infection control statens serum institut. Tuberculosis abbreviated as tb for tubercle bacillus or tuberculosis is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly mycobacterium tuberculosis. Recommended doses of firstline anti tuberculosis drugs for adults 6. Ppt pulmonary tuberculosis powerpoint presentation. Tb can be cured in almost all cases by taking the medications as prescribed by your doctor for the full course of treatment at least six months. Anti tuberculosis drug induced hepatitis a case study. For some drugs, the mechanisms of action have not been fully identified. Sandhya 2, patyal pankaj 3, bhatnagar suhasini 1 1 department of biochemistry, mewar. In 1947, streptomycin was the first drug developed for the treatment of tuberculosis. For the first time in more than 50 years, two new antituberculosisi tb drugs were approved and released in 2012 and 20. A patient with a diagnosis of tuberculosis tb will be taking isoniazid inh as part of the antitb therapy.
Tuberculosis may affect the central nervous system meninges, brain or spinal cord in which case it is called tb meningitis, tb cerebritis, and tb myelitis respectively. Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from an infectious disease among adults worldwide, with more than 10 million people becoming newly sick from tuberculosis each year. Tuberculosis in the united states, 2004 tuberculosis in the united states, 2004 thomas r. Revised national tuberculosis control programme rntcp 1997 guidelines india tb category type of tb initial phase continuation phase total duration i new, untreated tb 2h3r3z3e3 4h3r3 6 ii smear positive failure, relapse and interrupted treatment cases 2h3r3z3e3s3 1h3r3z3e3 5h3r3e3 8 iii less severe form extra pulmonary tb smear. Disease is most common in south east asia, sub saharan region, eastern. In the united states, mdr tb accounted for 83 cases 1. Click on the drug to find more information including the brand names,dose,sideeffects, adverse events, when to take the drug. The world health organization who has recently updated the classification of new anti tuberculosis tb drugs based on a metaanalysis and expert panel recommendations. Two vital problems that need any clarification in garner et al. List of drugsmedicine used for tuberculosis tuberculosis. This document is highly rated by students and has been viewed 684 times.
Dosing recommendations for antitb drugs for treatment of active drug sensitive tb. Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide. Tuberculosis, mtb, or tb short for tubercle bacillus, in the past also called phthisis, phthisis pulmonalis, or consumption, is a widespread, and in many cases fatal, infectious disease caused. The antituberculosis activity of primaquine appears to be a novel finding.
Untreated tuberculosis tb disease represents a greater hazard to a pregnant woman and her fetus than does its treatment. Who, therefore has recommended dotsdirectly observed therapy for short course wherein the antitb drugs are given under direct supervision of medical professional 3 days a week. Tuberculosis is chronic infectious disease caused by rculosis. May 08, 2020 treatment of tuberculosis pptpowerpoint presentation, medical notes edurev is made by best teachers of.
Antituberculosis drugs definition of antituberculosis. Progression of the disease, latent and active infections. Tuberculosis tb see the image below, a multisystemic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious diseaserelated mortality worldwide. This is a case report focusing on a 32 years male patient who experienced hepatotoxicity after administration of anti tubercular drugs.
Navin, md cdc march 2005 tb presentation overview how we count tb cases in the u. Up to 1940, there were no effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of tuberculosis, patients were shifted to sanatorium immediately after diagnosis. Infants born to women with untreated tb may be of lower birth weight than those born to women without tb and, in rare circumstances, the. The world health organization who recently described the global effects of multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdr tb as a public health crisis. Since then, several agents have been discovered to have activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although many other diseases may be reflected by the blood and its constituents, the abnormalities of red cells, white cells, platelets, and clotting factors are considered to be primary hematologic disorder as a result of. The information in the brief version is excerpted directly from the fulltext guidelines.
Newer anti tb drugs group a fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin inhibit strains of m tuberculosis moxifloxacin is the most active against m tuberculosis by weight the drug must be used in combination with two or more other active agentsto prevent resistance standard dosage of ciprofloxacin is 750 mg. The treatment regimens, approved tb drugs and the dosage of anti tb drugs recommended by the evidencebased who guidelines presently under revision are summarised in tables 1 and 2 new and retreatment cases are clearly separated, 30 days of previous anti tb treatment being the cutoff. Mdr tb is caused by organisms that are resistant to at least 2 of the best antitb drugs. Pharmacokinetics of 1 st line drugs drug absorption distribution metabolism excretion inh oral.
Herbal drugs as antituberculosis agents mehta shashidhar 1. View antitubercular drugs ppts online, safely and virusfree. Handbook of antituberculosis agents global alliance for tb drug development 80 broad street new york, ny 4, usa. The number of privately treated tuberculosis cases in.
New drug available to treat multidrugresistant tuberculosis. Of the approved drugs, the firstline antitb agents that form the core of treatment regimens are. We report the in vitro drugs interaction by the resazurin drugs combination microtiter assay redca of amoxicillin amoclavulanate clav with isoniazid inh, ethambutol emb, and rifampicin rif against susceptible and resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. The treatment regimens, approved tb drugs and the dosage of antitb drugs recommended by the evidencebased who guidelines presently under revision are summarised in tables 1 and 2 new and retreatment cases are clearly separated, 30 days of previous antitb treatment being the cutoff. First, the recommendation to discontinue the regimen based on just 2 months. Treatment of tuberculosis one of the main reason for threrapeutic failure has been patients poor compliancen after having symptomatic relief. Definition antituberculosis drugs are medicines used to treat tuberculosis, an infectious disease that can affect the lungs and other organs. Anti tubercular drugs 1 free download as powerpoint presentation. The available pharmacokinetic data on antitubercular drugs in children raises the concern of suboptimal plasma concentrations attained when doses extrapolated from adult studies are used.
Although tb rates are decreasing in the united states, the disease is becoming more common in many parts of the world. The world health organization s stop tb department has prepared this fourth edition of treatment of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs as pulmonary tb. Tb that is resistant to drugs is harder and more expensive to treat. Antituberculosis drugs the history of antituberculosis chemotherapy began in 1944 with the discovery of streptomycin. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. The world health organization who has recently updated the classification of new antituberculosis tb drugs based on a metaanalysis and expert panel recommendations. A summary of the most commonly used tb drugs is provided in t able 2.
Mortality from untreated active pulmonary tb is approximately 50 per cent with infection resolving in a further 25 per cent of patients and the remainder developing chronic tuberculous disease. Moreover, tuberculosis treatment in the private sector is typically paid for by outofpocket expenditure. Several important recommendations are being promoted in this new edition. Anti tb drugs and treatment of tuberculosis satya slideshare. It can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. What are the side effects of antituberculosis drugs.
Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Drug interactions, adverse effects, and use in special situations. Isoniazid mechanism the activated form of isoniazid forms a covalent complex with an inha acyl carrier protein acpm and kasa, a. Purpose tuberculosis is a disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculae, a bacteria that is passed between people through the air. Tb is a disease caused by infection with a bacteria called mycobacterium. In 20, an estimated 480,000 new cases and 210,000 deaths were caused by mdr tb, which is defined by resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the 2 most effective antitb drugs. The brief version is a compilation of the tables and boxed recommendations.
If erroneous or otherwise inaccurate information is brought to the attention of the. Of the approved drugs, the firstline anti tb agents that form the core of treatment regimens are. Classification according to their clinical utility the antitb drugs can be divided into. In addition, this antimalarial agent possesses a structure not seen among known tuberculosis drugs, raising the possibility that it could represent a new drug template with possibly a novel mechanism of action against m. Tb disease can be treated by taking several drugs for 6 to 9 months. Tuberculosis drugs target various aspects of mycobacterium tuberculosis biology, including inhibition of cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, or nucleic acid synthesis. Tuberculosis tb treatment may present significant hematological disorder and some antitb drugs also have serious side effects. Pages in category anti tuberculosis drugs the following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total. Anti tuberculosis drug induced hepatitis a case study 1. Tuberculosis and anti tubercular drugs g vijay narasimha kumar asst. Inh h first line antitb drug excellent and essential component unless resistance or intolerability tuberculocidal fast multiplying. Mdr tb and newer anti tb drugs linkedin slideshare.
It is spread through the air when people who have an active tb infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit respiratory fluids through the air. Tuberculosis tb is a contagious disease caused by the bacterial microorganism, mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chronic granulomatous disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. The tb drug database is a work in progress, with a goal to provide information for all the drugs listed below. The addition of amoclav to classical antituberculosis drugs should be explored as a promising. Tuberculoosis and antitubercular drugs narasimha kumar g v. Tuberculosis airborne disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis m.